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HelpEpic Test Code LAB370 Cadmium, 24 Hour, Urine
Additional Codes
MML Code: CDU
NY State Approved
YesPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Reporting Name
Cadmium, 24 Hr, UMethod Name
Triple-Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days | |
| Ambient | 28 days | ||
| Frozen | 28 days |
Ordering Guidance
If employees are being monitored in the workplace, OSHA requires that laboratory reports express the cadmium excretion rate per gram of creatinine rather than per 24 hours. Order CDUOE / Cadmium, Occupational Exposure, Random, Urine to accommodate that requirement. Mayo Clinic Laboratories is certified to provide this test.
Necessary Information
24-Hour volume (in milliliters) is required.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation:
1. For the 48-hour period prior to start of collection, as well as during the collection, patient should not eat seafood.
2. High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to interfere with most metal tests. If either gadolinium- or iodine-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours.
Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068)
Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine container with no metal cap or glued insert
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic, 10-mL urine tube or clean, plastic aliquot container with no metal cap or glued insert
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect urine for 24 hours.
2. Refrigerate specimen within 4 hours of completion of 24-hour collection.
3. See Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport for complete instructions.
Additional Information: See Urine Preservatives-Collection and Transportation for 24-Hour Urine Specimens for multiple collections.
Specimen Type
UrineSpecimen Minimum Volume
1.5 mL
Reference Values
0-17 years: Not established
≥18 years: <0.7 mcg/24 h
Report Available
1 to 3 daysDay(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
CPT Code Information
82300
Reject Due To
All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.Useful For
Detecting exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in 24-hour urine specimens
Special Instructions
Clinical Information
The toxicity of cadmium resembles the other heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, and lead) in that it attacks the kidney; kidney dysfunction with proteinuria with slow onset (over a period of years) is the typical presentation. Measurable changes in proximal tubule function, such as decreased clearance of para-aminohippuric acid also occur over a period of years and precede overt kidney failure.
Breathing the fumes of cadmium vapors leads to nasal epithelial deterioration and pulmonary congestion resembling chronic emphysema.
For nonsmokers, the primary source of cadmium exposure is from the food supply. In general, leafy vegetables such as lettuce and spinach, potatoes and grains, peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower seeds contain high levels of cadmium. For smokers, the most common source of cadmium exposure is tobacco smoke, which has been implicated as the primary sources of the metal leading to reproductive toxicity in both males and females.
The concentration of cadmium in the kidneys and in the urine is elevated in some patients exposed to cadmium.
Cautions
Collection of urine specimens through a catheter frequently results in elevated values because rubber contains trace amounts of cadmium that are extracted as urine passes through the catheter.
Specimen Retention Time
14 daysInterpretation
Urine cadmium levels primarily reflect total body burden of cadmium. Cadmium excretion above 3.0 mcg/g creatinine indicates significant exposure to cadmium.
For occupational testing, OSHA cadmium standard is less than 3.0 mcg/g creatinine and, the biological exposure index is 5 mcg/g creatinine.
Collection of urine over 24 hours minimizes fluctuations of observed cadmium concentrations in random urine samples.